Personality Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Character Development - Essay Example While a few analysts accept that comprehension is the best way to clarify or anticipate character contrasts inside individuals, others accept that our characters create in varying manners. Whichever scholar you side with, in any case, it remains that comprehension has an impact in the advancement of the character, how enormous a section relies upon your perspectives. Comprehension, being the psychological procedure of knowing, and managing such things as mindfulness, recognition, and thinking, among others, is a significant piece of what our identity is and how we create. Our characters originate from this impression of our reality, what we think, what we feel, how we adapt; everything comes from our mindfulness and how we put this attention to utilize. Ecological variables, for example, where you live, what you eat, the nature of the air that you inhale, and so on, and organic elements, for example, your hereditary cosmetics and your pre-natal advancement have an impact by they way you process your condition and in this manner have an influence in the cosmetics of your character improvement. On the off chance that you have been conceived rashly, for instance, and your folks both conveyed a great deal of passive qualities and they were given to you, and you lived in a neighborhood near smokestacks or a ton of overhead wires, your turn of events, and that of your character would contrast from somebody conceived at full term, with no hereditary issues, living out in the new nation air. How you are raised and where you are raised, and your hereditary outline all have a heading on how you see your reality, and consequently, how your character has shaped. Transformative, natural and ecological elements can bring about the advancement of a forceful character. In the investigation of transformative brain science, we discover that it is a mix of a great deal of

Pride and Prejudice Essays

Pride and Prejudice Essays Pride and Prejudice Essay Pride and Prejudice Essay ‘Introduction to â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, (1996) London: Penguin). This lead to much disarray among pundits as to precisely what Austen’s sees with respect to marriage and women's liberation were, and by and large keeps on doing so today. In this paper I will endeavor to clear up a portion of this uncertainty, while intently inspecting the possibility of marriage itself, the nature of the ‘social contract’, and the social and authentic foundation to the possibility of marriage as an implicit understanding In ‘The Sadeian Woman’, Angela Carter expresses that â€Å"The marriage bed is an especially deceptive asylum from the world, since all spouses of need fuck by contract† (Carter, Angela, ‘The Sadeian Woman’, pg. 9, (1978) ). Lamentably for Ms. Elizabeth Bennet, it can't be denied that she is a â€Å"wife of necessity†. Adequately excluded through the fine print of their father’s will, the Bennet young ladies and their hypochondriac mother are to get destitute on the demise of Mr. Bennet, except if they can get themselves a rich spouse. Elizabeth’s starting objection to Mr. Darcy and his pride appears to experience an extreme change on her visit to Pemberley, Darcy’s genealogical bequest, as she herself concedes †while talking about with her sister the advancement of her feeling’s for Mr. Darcy, she states â€Å"I trust it must date from my first observing his excellent grounds at Pemberley† (p301). Certain pundits have in this way asserted Elizabeth Bennet is hired fighter in her explanations behind union with Mr. Darcy. This evidently gold-burrowing conduct would recommend an endeavor by Elizabeth not exclusively to hold, yet in addition to improve, her class status, and in this manner to fall in accordance with rustic conventionalism as spread out in Edmund Burke’s ‘Reflections on the Revolution in France’. As Elizabeth Bennet is Austen’s courageous woman, and accordingly a character of whom she composes well, it could be assumed that Austen’s mentality towards marriage, and the situation of ladies in the public eye, recorded as a hard copy this book was one of customary rustic conservatism. Nonetheless, before we can acknowledge this notion, we should review that Elizabeth has just turned down two wealthy potential spouses †one of them being Mr. Darcy himself! †trying to wait for genuine romance and individual satisfaction. Her appall at the proposition of the unimaginably exhausting and impolite Mr. Collins was outperformed uniquely by her stun at finding that her closest companion, Charlotte Lucas, had assented to wed him. Brazenly hired fighter, Ms. Lucas pronounces that marriage is a woman’s â€Å"pleasantest additive from want† yet that it is â€Å"uncertain of giving happiness† (p. 03) (Jones, V. , and so forth). Elizabeth, then again, cases to trust in marriage for adoration, and holds her own individual bliss as an individual objective. This depiction of the champion as an animal of feeling and feeling, rather than a levelheaded, legitimate and somewhat increasingly manly figure, would expect Austen to be agreeable to the hypothese s of such women's activist masterminds of the time as Mary Wollstonecraft †a firm opposer of the works of Edmund Burke. What, at that point, is Austen’s position towards marriage as observed in ‘Pride and Prejudice’? Is it true that she is a sentimental women's activist or a rustic conventionalist? My own conviction is that Austen is neither †I would propose that she, indeed, figures out how to arrive at a cheerful trade off between the two. Austen obviously acclaims Elizabeth Bennet’s Wollstonecraftian conduct in hurrying over the field to Netherfield to deal with her sister Jane in her ailment as she depicts Elizabeth’s appearance thereafter in entirely good terms, and features how it adds to Darcy’s developing fascination in her, referencing â€Å"the brilliancy which exercise had given to her complexion† (p. 0). Nonetheless, it is additionally obvious that Austen is on the side of the customary Burkean thought of family and marriage, as the novel gets done with both Jane and Elizabeth joyfully and prosperously wedded to men who are their social betters. The two ladies wed above themselves and secure money related and social dependability for both themselves an d their families, along these lines falling in accordance with what might have been anticipated from all around raised youthful rustic women. Austen’s accomplishment recorded as a hard copy ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was, hence, to show that Wollstonecraftian gentility could exist nearby and inside the provincial conventionalist goals of Edmund Burke. Marriage in the hour of Jane Austen was neither a strict holy observance (as the dominating English religion of the time, and Austen’s religion, Anglicanism, didn't see marriage as a ceremony) nor an image of sentimental love. In Enlightenment England, marriage was fairly a need, a definitive point of all self-regarding young ladies. Ladies were, from birth, prepared for their unavoidable last situation as a mother, spouse, culinary expert, and family unit head. Instruction was not tied in with tutoring in the ways and information on the world, yet rather the securing of a rich store of ‘accomplishments’ †painting, melodic ability, singing, weaving basically the attractive aptitudes of an alluring, and socially good, spouse. In addition to the fact that marriage was relied upon by men to be the craving all things considered, however it was likewise, truth be told, a necessary chore. Ladies wedded to make sure about their status in the public eye and regularly to improve their social standing, or ‘move up a rung’ in the all-swarming class chain of command of the period. ‘Pride And Prejudice’ was no exemption to this standard. Take the most evident instances of Elizabeth and Jane Bennet. On a first look, these ladies wed for affection and for joy †‘Pride And Prejudice’ is plainly a great romance book. Be that as it may, continually gurgling ceaselessly as a second thought is the evident truth of the Bennets’ approaching impoverishment, should they neglect to make sure about rich spouses. Adequately excluded by the fine print of their father’s will, the eventual fate of their entire family is marked on their selection of admirers, since they have arrived at eligible age †as is reflected successfully by Mrs. Bennet’s neuroticism! Beside the individual troubles of the Bennet family, there lies out of sight of ‘Pride And Prejudice’ the horrid authentic truth of the time. 1790’s England was a period of â€Å"political emergency and social mobility† (Jones, V. and so on), when the security and influence of the rustic decision class was compromised by the upwardly portable ‘nouveau riche’ dealer class and the undeniably candid and requesting regular workers. Marriage, family †these were viewed as social establishments, customs basic for the conservation of the matchless quality of the decision upper class that the Darcys, the Bingleys, and to a lesser degree the Bennets. Marriage was, for the individuals from t his class, a methods for saving their social position, ensuring the honesty of the class structure, and maintaining the country conventions basic for their endurance. At the point when we state then that marriage in Jane Austen’s ‘Pride And Prejudice’ can be seen just like a sort of implicit agreement, we mean to the extent that it empowered the ladies of an opportunity to store up fortune and social regard, and permitted their men to secure the decision culture which was compromised as of now by outside political impacts. Marriage was a commonly advantageous understanding between the man and the lady †in return for the woman’s legacy (assuming any), body, and the social decency and backing of the provincial conventions that ownership of a ‘accomplished’ spouse offered, the man gave money related help and economic wellbeing. This prompts charges of marriage being similar to â€Å"legal prostitution† (Wollstonecraft, Mary: A Vindication of The Rights of Woman) †ladies were seen by some as selling their bodies for cultural advancement. Mr. Darcy is normally the object of the hired fighter wants of the ladies of Pemberley, as he is supposed to be in receipt of a fortune of ten thousand pounds per year †it has been said by certain observers that Elizabeth Bennet only falls prey to these hired soldier wants, and takes part in a marriage as an implicit agreement, blaming sentimental love, not an explanation, for solidarity with Darcy. I should differ †I feel this contention has a basic imperfection, to the extent that Elizabeth not just turns down Darcy at his first proposition, while being completely mindful of his wealth (albeit maybe not yet defied with all the wonder of Pemberley), yet in addition declines the advances of the wealthy, yet exceedingly exhausting, Mr. Collins. On the off chance that Elizabeth Bennet were simply hired soldier in her structures, why at that point would she turn down two clearly appropriate matches trying to wait for her objective of individual joy? How at that point would we be able to sum up the perspective on marriage as an implicit agreement in ‘Pride And Prejudice’? Right off the bat, I think note that Austen didn't decide to compose a women's activist content, censuring the conjugal and sentimental customs of the decision class. Her champion, Elizabeth Bennet, does at last settle down with a man who might have been seen in anybody’s eyes just like a generally appropriate and socially adequate counterpart for her. Darcy gives riches, regard, security, and a raised situation in the public eye †which were all the most alluring qualities for a forthcoming spouse of the period. Be that as it may, the novel isn't totally traditi

Regular-ing

Regular-ing I had a breakthrough the other day. I was sitting in my favorite Kendall Square restaurant, Clover. When I say favorite, I mean F.A.V.O.R.I.T.E. In a busy week, I’m there at least once a day: The prices are reasonable, I can order on my phone, all the food is vegetarian, and it’s one of the only nearby places open until 11:00 PM. This place is freakin’ perfect (which is why I don’t mind shamelessly plugging it on the blog). BUT ANYWAYS I was just eating my breakfast bowl, minding my own business, when one of the guys working there comes up to me and says. “Caroline, right?” I look up and he’s holding this cup. So I’m like “Yeah, that’s me.” And then he’s like “Yeah, you’re in here all the time. Well, we accidentally made this extra cup of coffee, and you order coffee a lot so I thought you might want it.” So I got a free cup of coffee. But the coffee isn’t the point, it’s what the coffee represents. They know my name. They know that I order coffee a lot… I think I might finally be a regular at a restaurant here in Cambridge! This might not be a big deal for some people, but it means a lot to me. Back home, I was a regular at a few establishments: a coffee shop by my house, another one right on Lake Michigan, a diner/grocery store with an amazing tofu scrambler. I knew the people who worked in these places. My ex-girlfriend and I would always hope to get this one waitress when we went out for breakfast, and I sometimes ran late to work in the morning just because I wanted to talk to my favorite baristo about the date he went on last night. When I moved out to Boston, I knew not to expect midwest-levels of friendliness. I frequented a few places because, y’know, I’m a lazy bean who doesn’t always cook and would probably sell her soul for coffee. But I didn’t become a regular, a true regular, until that guy handed me that paper cup. I’m a part of the Cambridge ecosystem now. People outside of MIT know my name. Lately, I’ve been feeling emotionally homeless. I returned to the place I grew up over winter break, and I just… don’t belong there anymore. That kind of hurt. For my entire life I’ve had this vision of myself: Graduate high school, attend my state school’s honors program, become an electrical engineer, move back to Milwaukee, send my kids to the same high school. Never leave the Midwest. Never leave Wisconsin? Maybe move to Chicago (only two hours away) if I’m feeling adventurous. This was the way my life was always going to be… until I found MIT. Only a year and a half after discovering what MIT even was, this institution has dramatically and irreversibly changed the trajectory of my life. I wrote an email to one of my acting mentors in high school after Wisconsins admitted students meet-and-greet in April, and I compared that tiny get-together to “seeing color for the first time”. Imagine how black-and-white things felt at home after living on East Campus for a s emester. But then I came back to MIT, and as much as I absolutely love it here, I realized I still have a lot of adjusting to do; it’s going to take a long time to re-imagine 19 years of expectations. For now, I’m kinda just existing wherever the world plops me. At least I’ve been plopped in nice places, right? But anyways, revisiting my old haunts in Milwaukee was the first thing in awhile that reminded me of what “home” can feel like. Home is feeling a sense of belonging even in a nameless crowd. Home is where your absence would be noticed. Home is having an internalized map of a place: a favorite table or spot on the couch, that one menu item or home-made meal you treat yourself to every once in awhile, that place you always walk to when nothing makes sense and you just need to be somewhere else. I chose the road I didn’t have a map to. Even on my worst days I don’t regret that choice, but sometimes I can’t help but think about how much simpler life would’ve been if I’d never decided to leave. So when that dude addressed me by name and asked me if I wanted a free coffee, I stayed for four more hours to do my homework. I felt comfortable, the kind of comfortable I once felt studying at Colectivo Coffee Roasters on Hampton Ave. Afterwards, I took a walk along the Charles river and ended up in this little park I’ve been to a few times. It’s right on the water, the way *my* park was back in Wisconsin. The more of these little habits I build, the more places I start “regular-ing”, the more I feel like my existence in Cambridge is actually my life, not just some hazy dream. So thanks for the coffee, Clover. You’ve won a repeat customer. Post Tagged #blessedbythecoffeegods #takemymoneyclover

The Vision Of A Vision - 973 Words

Setting a vision is incredibly important. Because the people impacted by the change are aware of exactly what the goals are and what is expected of them. If it is a compelling vision and people buy into it then it is much easier to make the change happen but if people don’t agree it makes the process much harder. Also some people don’t want to change how they do things and want to continue doing things exactly how they were in the past (this is a problem). The way that the vision was created is by providing both high level vision statements (long term goals) as well as much more tactical and strategic guidelines for what to do in the short run. The vision is then provided to the team very often and consistently through both emails and town halls from senior management as well as from projects and day to do workload from the directors which ties the work to the long term vision. It is important that people understand how what they are doing is connected to the larger goa ls. It is also important to acknowledge and reinforce that change takes time and that there is a long term view on success. The strategies used to achieve the vision included: Providing team training on new tools and technologies to make sure that everyone no matter where they came from before had the same foundation to be able to do the job going forward. The vision was repeated and made clear constantly and consistently so that everyone knew what the goals were and what they were working towards.Show MoreRelatedVisions Of Nature : Visions Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesVisions of Nature Reflection Visions of Nature Reflection When the Visions of Nature project was first explained in the beginning of the course I was immediately worried about how I would be able to create something that represented the natural world in an artistic way. Personally, I am not the most skilled in the world of art through visual and esthetically pleasing mediums. My artistic peak was reached in kindergarten when I made an impressive elephant with finger paint before the school’s annualRead MoreApple s Vision And Vision755 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals in organizations and businesses it’s made clear that the organization needs a mission or vision. Vision deals with the future and where the individuals would like the business to go. Although, mission statement is there for a motivational boost on a daily basis while working toward the vision of the business or the organization. However, every business has a different mission and vision but they could center on the same goal for the near future. Apple has become very popular in the lastRead MoreVision Reflective Essay : Vision853 Words   |  4 PagesVision Reflective Essay Vision Statements define the school s purpose according to the shared values. Values are guiding beliefs about how to get things objectives accomplished. 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In conclusion, by outlining my desired personal vision statement I hope to have a picture or image upon whichRead MorePersonal Vision Statement : My Vision751 Words   |  4 PagesVision Statement Introduction I am writing this statement as a declaration of my personal vision. It will serve as a guide to help ensure that my actions are corresponding to what I envision. This personal vision statement is designed to help facilitate my purpose, unforeseen obstacles, and how to manage theses obstacles. A great deal of thought has gone into constructing this vision statement and I hope that within time these endeavors fill me with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. MyRead MoreThe Importance Of A Vision Mission And Vision Statement1036 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat purpose with developing/crafting vision, mission, goals, objectives, and strategies. The direction of organizations are very important on developing a desirable environment. 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Looking back at my original goal statement I submitted in 2014 when applying for the PhD in Education program, the scope of my original vision was surprisinglyRead MoreVision to Reality1030 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Vision Shernise Henshall Chamberlain College of Nursing NR504: Leadership and Nursing Practice January 2015 Leadership and Vision In this constantly changing nursing world, a leadership vision is important when leading and inspiring the team. The patient must first feel that they can trust the physicians and nurses to provide them with optimum care, and act in their best interest; so, they can reach a better out come when providing patient-centered care. It is important forRead MoreVision of Leadership977 Words   |  4 Pagesbe a leader is to have a vision, and lead your followers towards the future you seek. Some leaders have had power struggles, boosted egos, and with those leaders they fall hard. Being a leader is to become your follower. Those you lead should never be ‘under’ you, nor should they ever have to complete a task that you, yourself will not do. There are many important factors that pertain to being a leader, but of these, a vision and a goal are most valuable. A vision is said to be, â€Å"The firstRead MoreVision Statement933 Words   |  4 Pagesto the discussions, and publish a rubric. Were happy to do the work we need to do, but we cant meet expectations that arent quantified. Vision Statements: We were instructed to submit an initial vision statement for a proposed software system, but those instructions are inelegantly merged into a single document with the instructions for the expanded vision statements due four weeks later. I pointed out a few lines in the assignment sheet that could lead a student to assume the inital statement

Human Society Problems in Nathaniel Hawthrone´s The...

Humans are social animals by nature.This is good, because collaboration is a necessity for advancement. But sometimes, this tendency works against it in the worst of ways, which three works, The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Crucible, A play written by Arthur Miller , and the movie Klass (The Class), directed by Ilmar Raag, all use to display the problems within human society. All 3 works emphasize the human tendency to â€Å"gang up† to avoid being singled out. The connecting theme between these works is that humans group up to avoid being singled out, and will do almost anything to stay in the group. In The Scarlet Letter, the narrator says â€Å"â€Å"Lastly, the inhabitants of the town (their own interest in this worn-out subject languidly reviving itself, by sympathy with what they saw others feel)(ch 22). The author is putting on display how people will change based on what the people around them are doing to not look different. All these new people come to town, and they all stare at the scarlet letter because they have only heard rumors/legends about it. This seems normal, but people who have lived around it every day for several years suddenly discover their curiosity and do the same, solely based on the reaction of the visitors. They just want to belong to the group, and that is what the group is doing, even at the cost of Hesters dignity. They had accepted Hester as much as they would, and that meant leaving her alone for the mo st part. Yet they changed

Chardham Yatra Way to Moksha Free Essays

The Hindu philosophy of life is, when a man attains salvation or mukti, only then he is able to release himself from the repeated cycle of lives and death or reincarnations. It is believed that to come out of this whirlpool of life the best way is -to accomplish moksha. Moksha is the final release from self . We will write a custom essay sample on Chardham Yatra: Way to Moksha or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is like loosening of all the bondages and attaining oneness with the one or the almighty. All the religion believes in attaining mocha or salvation . They have different ways to achieve it. The Hindu philosophy believes in four disciplines to achieve it. The first discipline is karma yoga that is working for supreme. The second discipline is Janna yoga that is realizing the supreme. The third way to achieve salvation or moksha is Raja yoga that is meditating for supreme and lastly is Bhakti yoga that is serving supreme with loving devotion. Bhakti yoga is most acceptable yoga to attain salvation and visit to Chardham certainly helps in realizing it. These are four major pilgrimages that is why it is called Chardham. They begin with Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath and Badrinath. It is believed that yatra or parikarma should always begin from Gangotri and should end at Badrinath . Ancient people believed that a visit to the Himalayas washes away all the sins . That belief still exists and therefore people who are believers come to visit Chardham at least once in their life time to attain inner peace and satisfaction. Situated closest to the nature these dhams are a sort of spiritual adventure. Away from the hustle bustle of city life, amid nature’s tranquillity, is a time of introspection and a time to realize Supreme Being. That is the reason people visiting dhams become enriched and start looking at the life with a newer perspective. How to cite Chardham Yatra: Way to Moksha, Essay examples

Gods Chosen Soldier Essay Example For Students

Gods Chosen Soldier Essay Gods Chosen SoldierHill 1Gods Chosen Soldier?Beowulf?, is a story of a man who seems to be unrealistic to people of today. Yet the character, Beowulf still arouses the imagination of any generation from all over the world. ?Beowulf?, is undoubtedly one of the most studied, debated over, and read epics of all times. One of the most controversial topics in the tale is the juxtaposition of Christian ethics which are found throughout the story, yet the time frame of the tale was a time that is known as mainly a pagan belief existing among the people. Upon researching different authors, one can find every possible interpretation imaginable about the Christian verses pagan elements in the story. However, the fact still remains that either the Christian elements found throughout was derived from the poet or perhaps a man even in the time of Beowulf could have been chosen by God to try and lead the people to a true God. The beautifully written epic, ?Beowulf?, tells of a simpler time when a man such as Beowulf could understand and appreciate his unusual strength as a gift worthy only to be claimed by almighty God. As the epic begins, a far away land is in trouble and in desperate need of hero. Beowulf hears of a fierce monster ravaging and killing men of King Hrothgars land, the Danes. These same people were at war long ago with Beowulfs people, the Geats, therefore Beowulf and his people knew of the Danes well. Beowulfs father was the first to strike a blow and start a famous feud (Crossley-Holland, 44). Yet when Beowulf heard of the Danes distress he quickly understood that he should go. Beowulf was considered the bravest and strongest of his people, and most other warriors for that matter. Beowulf understood his strength to somehow be of divine nature rather than of his own accord (Norton Anthology, 1058). Many times throughout the epic are references made to God or to an all-powerful force. Such references are excessively embedded in the beginning when Beowulf spea ks of ?omens? about the decision to make the trip to help the Danes. For instance, the passage written in ?Beowulf? by George Clark, ?Between Hill 2the heros command, his announcement, and his selection of his companions for the exploit, the Geatish councilors consult the omens and approve his plans even as he leads his picked company to the sea and the ready ship?(Clark, 53). Also references are made to the men giving thanks to God for a safe journey once making their way across the ocean to the Danes (Crossley-Holland, 38). Even as he speaks to King Hrothgar he mentions several times that if God wills a victory that he, Beowulf, will end the Danes suffering from Grendels rage (Nortons Anthology, 1058). In essence all of these mentioned show Beowulf to be earnest in his desire to help the Danes for their well being, and not for fame or fortune for his own benefit. As we prepare to encounter the beast Grendel with Beowulf, we find that Beowulf seems confident not in his own talents, but in God. The last conversation which Hrothgar and Beowulf have before Beowulf actually encounters Grendel confirms this because Beowulf tells Hrothgar that the fate of the battle is up to God. Even then Hrothgar cautions Beowulf not to enter into the fight with selfish pride (Robinson, 84). Beowulf expressing his intentions to fight the battle against Grendel without a weapon once again examplifies his faith in a power greater than his own strength. It is not an indication of selfish pride. Beowulf explains in this quote his belief about the fight: ?Grendel is no braver, no stronger than I am! I could kill him with my sword; I shall not, easy as it would be. This fiend is a bold and famous fighter, but his claws and teeth scratching at my shield, his clumsy fists beating at my sword blade, would be helpless. I will meet him with my hands emptyunless his heart fai ls him, seeing a soldier waiting weaponless, unafraid. Let God in His wisdom extend his hand where He wills, reward whom He chooses!?(Norton Anthology, 1067). These words could be taken, as the translators manipulation to the epic, yet time and time again there seems a presence around Beowulf which is not evident amongst other characters. So upon meeting Grendel, Beowulf stands firm and the beast does in fact seem Hill 3frightened. Grendel, the descendent of Cain has finally met his ultimate match, Gods chosen soldier! Grendel tries with all of his might to break free from Beowulf, and does so only after leaving his arm as proof of the battle. Beowulf later informs Hrothgar of his own disappointment for not leaving the bleeding body lying in Herot Hall, but that Gods will was different. Hrothgar is overwhelmed with joy and begins to ready the kingdom for a feast unlike no other. An apparent love is shown from Hrothgar to Beowulf, by the elaborate measures he goes to repay him for th is most wonderful of deeds he has performed of the Danes. Beowulf seems modest in the accomplishment and thus very little of an acceptance speech is heard, instead he seems apologetic when he speaks because all he has to show from the battle with Grendel is his arm. Nevertheless, Beowulf would not offend the King or custom by refusing the praise or gifts, which Hrothgar seems to lavish easily. All that the Danes wish to give will only be handed to Beowulfs own King and kinsmen, and not horded for his own reward. In the midst of a wonderful celebration of good fortune, another monster comes from the depths of hell, Grendels mother. Fiercer than Grendel she is, as a mothers passion consumes the hall. Beowulf without hesitation enters into this great battle as well. She too comes at night; this night unlike any other was a night the people slept as though sleep had not touched their world in years. Grendels mother came in and took Hrothgars closest friend, and for fear of her own life fled back to the swamp from which she had come. Beowulf follows her to the swamp knowing his strength alone cannot defeat such passion as what this mother, Grendels mother must feel. In this we can again see a meaningful understanding from Beowulf of an omnipotent ruler over the entire world. Thus he enters the swamp only out of pure faith of Gods abilities to carry him through. The fight is one of such magnitude that during and after Beowulf seems to change, to somehow mature. Perhaps even in his belief in a power over all man, there was still a little pride in himself before this battle with Grendels mother, yet his victory from the battle truly Hill 4enlightens him of fate being only as God ordains it (Greenfield, 18). The struggle which Beowulf goes through between having some unknown, indescribable knowledge and his peoples customs and beliefs being so very different seems to come to a climax during this instance, and a conclusion for his confusion all at once (18). So we come to a conclusion to such a seemingly wonderful heroes life. Beowulf has by this time grown very old, and has been the King of his own people, the Geats for many years. But one final battle is still left for Beowulf to fight and this one will prove to be the most important of all. R. E. Kaskes interpretation of ?Beowulf? explains that this battle is the most important because, ? not only does Beowulf have to encounter the ever-present dangers as a human being of militia, but also as a king, in combating an apparent spread of militia among his people, typified by the actions of the goblet-stealer and the later defection of his own retainers (127). Still even in his old age he feels the desire to protect those weaker than he and his final moments are spent fighting for the safety of his people. In his old age, Beowulf still tells his people, ?No man could fight this battle but me and win,? which again implies the understood strength Beowulf has to be more than merely a human strength. K aske implies that the dragon represents the greatest of evils, since the devil is often referred to as the dragon, and in a way Beowulf has always been fighting the dragon, or some evil (126-127). Some wonder why the dragon kills Beowulf, and this seems an unfitting end. Yet in truth, Beowulf accomplished his feet against the dragon, he killed him and saved his people from another evil. But Beowulf is human and humans die. This ending to the epic is what humanizes Beowulf and the entire epic. A mere man faces unbelievable triumphs and is victorious every time, well almost every time. But this last battle should not be seen as a defeat, because the victory was meant for God all along, not a human, which is why Beowulf is finally released of his duties from God. A man cannot be worshipped as the bravest and the strongest, only God should hold this high honor. .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f , .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .postImageUrl , .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f , .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:hover , .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:visited , .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:active { border:0!important; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:active , .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13efa3ece125f1db9617e14484d7dd4f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kaymito Leaves as Antiseptic Mouthwash EssayHill 5Beowulf was considered a larger than life hero even in his time. Surely few people can obtain fame, fortune, and the respect of his piers, in one lifetime. Yet something seemed special, or different about Beowulf. Perhaps in a world still ruled by Pagan belief Beowulf was a man of unusual knowledge, a knowledge granted by God to a man in a world of pagan sin. Maybe Beowulf was one of the first of the old ancestors to be chosen by God, as Moses and Abraham are in later years, to show their people a love and forgiveness which is unconditional and forever. A man in the midst of pagans, who will show these heathen people a grac e that will lead them to eternal heaven and rid them of an eternal death. The many wonders about the actual origin of this epic is sure to be pondered upon as long as man can read and rationalize. One thing seems evident though as to the origin of Beowulfs beliefs. A life of fame did little to shorten Beowulfs belief in his countrymen, kinsmen, or his almighty God. History Essays

Treadway Case Essay Example

Treadway Case Paper The Treadway Tire Company Brief Case Analysis Consuela Jack EDD 8100 Foundations of Educational Leadership and Management 101 Laurel Springs Dr. McDonough, GA 30253 Telephone: (404) 944-1186 Email: [emailprotected] net Instructor: Dan Wait, Ed. D Introduction The Treadway Tire Company: Job Dissatisfaction and High Turnover at the Lima Tire Plant is a brief case written by co-authors Skinner and Beckham. The case generally pertains to issues dealing with morale problems and high position turnover among those that hold the position of foreman. In this case, Ashley Wall is the Director of Human Resources charged with finding solutions to the issues within the Lima Tire Plant. Since Ashley Wall works for the Lima Tire Plant, she will have to face some political issues in regards to managing the action research project as an insider. A written replication of the key issues, contextual lens, and power relationships will offer more understanding of Ashley Wall’s charge to uncover solutions to the issues that the Lima Tire Company was facing. Key Issues There are several issues within the Treadway Lima Tire plant. The first issue deals with the morale of the employees especially those that serve as foremen. Morale is low due to the way the foremen are treated by their superiors and the lack of respect that they receive from their unionized workers. â€Å"An employee satisfaction survey conducted in August 2007 and exit interviews of departing foremen revealed solid discontent in the plant and highlighted concerns about the line-foremen position† (Skinner and Beckham, 2008, pg. 4). The foremen in the company are few in number with approximately twenty hourly unionized employees that they have to manage, as well as other duties as prescribed. We will write a custom essay sample on Treadway Case specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Treadway Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Treadway Case specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both foreman and the hourly employees are treated disrespectfully due to the constraints of the perspective positions. The foremen have a great deal of responsibilities that must be completed at the end of every 12 hour shift that they work. Production of tires is a key responsibility for the foreman; they must make sure that the employees working under their management are on time and present to make production goals/deadlines. Another issue combines hiring and the lack of training that the foremen receive before being internally promoted, externally hired, or transferred from another Treadway Tire plant into the positions of foremen. Those that are unionized hourly employees promoted to foreman lack college training and job embedded training. The line-foremen positions were â€Å"available when jobs were posted on the bulletin boards in the plant and the internet† (2008, pg. 5). The external hires are young college grads with book knowledge, but very little skill training. Both internally hired and externally hired are made to go through strenuous and grueling interviews before being deemed the right person(s) for the job. The fact that little training is offered and a sink or swim mentality is maintained by those that supervise the foremen leads to more communication issues. The communication issues caused ineffective and belittling discourse between the general supervisors and the foremen and the unionized workers. Contextual Lens Economic factors play a major role in the issues that Lima Tire Plant faces, but growth, change, performance, and training holds to a greater cause for the issues addressed. The temporal perspective is the direction Ashley Wall may want to focus on when she considers analyzing the issues of morale, hiring, and training. In reading the case, this seems to be the direction to go in, but budget constraints leave little or no room for effective on the job training to occur. â€Å"Reading through her personnel files, Ashley Wall knew the problem of turnover in the foreman position—affecting a third of the salaried work force—was a complicated issue for Lima management to address† (2008, pg. 6) Realizing that the plant was not effectively training new managers was a major cause of the conditions or issues within the plant. Power Relationships According to the Coghlan and Brannick (2010) text, â€Å"Clearly any form f research in any organization has its political dynamics. Political forces can undermine research endeavours and block planned change. Gaining access, using data, disseminating and publishing reports are intensely political acts† (pg. 127). Ashley Wall may have to use extreme caution as she plans the action research project of discovering a solution for dissatisfact ion and high turnover in the company. There are ten key power relationship that Ashley Wall will have to consider as she proceeds on with the in depth inquiry process at the Lima Tire Plant. Since, Ashley Wall was given the charge to delve in to this process by the plant manager Bellingham, she has already gained her relationship with her sponsor. The relationships that will be more challenging throughout this process will be the relationships between the interdepartmental, executives and organizational members, and executives and higher management. All three of these relationships deal with company employees communicating with each other and that has been part of the issues. Will there be anonymity through out this process? It will be quite difficult, but Ashley will have to keep all stakeholders in this process aware of what is at stake for the future of the Lima Tire Plant. Gaps or Unanswered Questions An unanswered question that plagues is the fact that Bellingham knows that part of the major issue is that more effective training needs to take place, but because of budget issues he can not allow the training to take place. What is he truly thinking and how does Ashley Wall convince Bellingham to make a way in the budget for foremen training? Conclusion The central concerns, in the Lima Tire Plant stem from many different sources, which are all related. Effective communication, formal training, and economic factors all play a role in the key issues. Coghlan argues the question, â€Å"Given that doing insider research seems to be so complex and can be fraught with danger, wouldn’t it be better to advise people not to select this approach†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2007, pg. 5). The answer, absolutely; action research in the case of the Lima Tire Plant will bring about collaboration of the manager/researcher and those directly impacted by the outcomes and reflections. References Coghlan, D (2007). Editorial: insider action research. Action Research, 5, 5-10. doi: 10. 1177/1476750307072872 Coghlan, D. , Brannick, T. (2010). Doing action research in your own organization (3rd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9781848602168. Skinner, W. , Beckham, B. (2008, June). The Treadway tire company: Job dissatisfaction and high turnover at the Lima tire plant. Retrieved from Harvard Business Publishing Web site: http://custom. hbsp. harvard. edu/b01/en/implicit/p. jhtml? login=CAPE042409Spid=2189

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Admissions Data

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Admissions Data University of Arkansas at Little Rock Description: The University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) is a public university made up of seven colleges: Business, Education, Engineering and Information Technology, Professional Studies, Science and Mathematics, Law, and Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. Business is the most popular among undergraduates. The university has an open admission policy and a learning resource center to support students who may need help with college success skills. In athletics, the UALR Trojans are a non-football member of the NCAA Division I Sun Belt Conference. Admissions Data (2016): University of Arkansas - Little Rock Acceptance Rate: 90%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 420  / 560SAT Math: 470  / 540SAT Writing: - / -SAT comparison for Arkansas collegesSun Belt SAT comparison chartACT Composite: 19  / 25ACT English: 19 / 26ACT Math: 18  / 24What these ACT numbers meanACT comparison for Arkansas collegesSun Belt ACT comparison chart Enrollment (2015): Total Enrollment: 11,891  (9,575 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 40% Male / 60% Female51% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $8,061  (in-state); $19,499 (out-of-state)Books: $1,715 (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,578Other Expenses: $3,804Total Cost: $23,158  (in-state); $34,596 (out-of-state) University of Arkansas at Little Rock Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 95%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 92%Loans: 57%Average Amount of AidGrants: $8,978Loans: $5,518 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Construction Engineering Technology, Criminal Justice Studies, Early Childhood Education, English, Finance, Journalism, Marketing, Nursing, Psychology, Public Health Graduation, Retention and Transfer Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 68%Transfer Out Rate: 35%4-Year Graduation Rate: 12%6-Year Graduation Rate: 28% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Baseball, Golf, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Soccer, Volleyball, Swimming, Track and Field, Basketball, Cross Country, Golf Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like UALR, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Central Arkansas: ProfileArkansas Tech University: ProfileHendrix College: ProfileUniversity of Arkansas - Fort Smith: ProfileMississippi State University: Profile  | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGrambling State University: ProfileHarding University: ProfileUniversity of Oklahoma: Profile  | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTennessee State University: ProfileUniversity of Memphis: ProfileUniversity of Tennessee: Profile  | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Arkansas at Little Rock Mission Statement: mission statement from http://ualr.edu/about/index.php/home/history-and-mission/mission/ The mission of the University of Arkansas at Little Rock is to develop the intellect of students; to discover and disseminate knowledge; to serve and strengthen society by enhancing awareness in scientific, technical, and cultural arenas; and to promote humane sensitivities and understanding of interdependence. Within this broad mission are the responsibilities to use quality instruction to instill in students a lifelong desire to learn; to use knowledge in ways that will contribute to society; and to apply the resources and research skills of the University community to the service of the city, the state, the nation, and the world in ways that will benefit humanity.

Renting Is Better than Buying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Renting Is Better than Buying - Essay Example Renting an apartment remains quite economical as compared to buying one. With the passage of time, renting proves to be cheaper than buying an apartment. It is always advisable to make a cost-benefit analysis while deciding whether to buy or rent a home (Vij). Where renting a house costs an individual as much as $500 on the average, the same house may cost an individual between $1000 and $2000 per month in the form of mortgage that further gets factored to accommodate tax and insurance. Also, in the recent years, â€Å"rents have barely budged while house prices in New York, Washington, Los Angeles and elsewhere have doubled, renting has become a surprisingly smart option for many people who never would have considered it before† (Leonhardt). Whenever an individual has enough money to invest, it is advisable to estimate the difference of the mortgage payment and the rent, and invest that sum into the stock market. Benefits of renting: Acquiring the loan for constructing a house is quite a lengthy and tiresome process. An individual is supposed to possess excellent credit and a considerable sum for making down payment. Good interest rate cannot be gained without a good investment sum. Buying a home requires an individual to owe the lender money for many years that follow. Renting the house provides the individual with the leverage to pay as long as he/she lives in it, and later decide as per convenience. When an individual owns a home, he/she essentially becomes responsible for all matters that concern the accommodation’s maintenance and appropriate functionality. ... When the sewer line in house damages, it is the owner’s responsibility to fix it and bear all expenses. The plumber may need to dig up the earth in order to change the existing pipe or lay out a new one. Such activities consume a lot of money, which the owners have to pay. In comparison to that, people living on rent do not have to bear the additional expenses of maintenance and fixation. If something becomes faulty in a rented apartment, the renter makes a call to the owner to get that fixed, without having to pay for the job. Likewise, a person on rent does not have to pay for the maintenance of lawn or other areas of the house. The renter only has to compensate for the damages that have been caused by him/her. Renting a house does not require the renter to have insurance because of lack of ownership. All a renter is required to have at maximum is the â€Å"renter insurance† as it makes it cheaper for the renter. Taking all these factors into consideration, a working class employed person enjoys far more benefits in renting as compared to buying a house. An analysis in light of economic recession: In the contemporary age of economic recession, a lot of owners are selling their homes in order to meet their daily living expenses. The widespread economic recession has caused a lot of business entrepreneurs to downsize their workforce in order to minimize the overhead charges and maximize the profits. Renting proves to be the most convenient and flexible option for such employees, whose jobs are endangered and who can be fired any time by their employers. Such people want the facility to shift anywhere anytime as per the need of the employment. However, it is always advisable to acquire a short term lease in order to escape

The fair debt collection practices act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The fair debt collection practices act - Essay Example First is hours for phone contact, contacting consumers by telephone outside of the hours of 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. local time is prohibited in respect to private time of the person to be collected. Next is failure to cease communication upon request, communicating with consumers in any way after receiving written notice that said consumer wishes no further communication or refuses to pay the alleged debt, with certain exceptions, including advising that collection efforts are being terminated or that the collector intends to file a lawsuit or pursue other remedies where permitted. This is in accordance to what has been stated in the written notice which is therefore considered as a mutual understanding between two parties. Causing a telephone to ring or engaging any person in telephone conversation repeatedly or continuously: with intent to annoy, abuse, or harass any person at the called number. Such act is indeed an act that goes beyond the realms of the collection process as it br eaks through the rules of decency and formality. Communicating with consumers at their place of employment after having been advised that this is unacceptable or prohibited by the employer. All company duly uphold certain rules and regulations among their employees and anyone who still insist of getting through these companies in order to collect is highly prohibited by this law.

Analysis of Liver Disease in Europe

Analysis of Liver Disease in Europe To what extent does alcohol contribute to liver disease in Europe? Alcoholic liver disease is the major complication of chronic alcohol abuse, with cirrhosis (with or without portal hypertension), being the most common end-point of the spectrum of complications. This association is seen throughout virtually all populations, demographic groups and clinical sub-sets. (Walsh K et al. 2000) It is notable that the incidence of the disease process is changing on a world-wide consideration, with countries such as India and Japan recently seeing a rapid escalation in numbers of cases of cirrhosis, from their traditionally low baseline of prevalence of the disease. This essay however, will primarily consider the situation in Europe. Considerations of safe limits to alcohol consumption have to be prefaced with the comments that they are controversial, and that there is no common agreement on a minimum safe level. In the UK, the Royal College of Physicians suggest a weekly limit of 21 units (210 g) of alcohol in men and 14 units in women as being the upper limit of â€Å"safe† use. This has to be seen in the context that the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys General Household Survey found that 27% of men and 13% of women in the UK were found to be exceeding these limits in 2004 (OPCS 2004) This can be contrasted with the findings of an Italian study (Bellentani S et al. 1997) which suggested that the â€Å"significant risk threshold† for the subsequent development of alcoholic liver disease in an Italian population was only 30g of ethanol per day and that the risk escalated with progressively higher levels of intake. The authors also noted that, for a given level of intake, women had a significantly higher risk of developing alcoholic liver disease than did age-matched men. On a critical note, one must concede that this was a prospective non-randomised study with a moderate (6,500) entry cohort. This can be compared with a larger Danish study (13,000 entry cohort) which demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of alcoholic liver disease at levels of intake above 14 27 units per week in males and 7 13 units in females. (Becker U et al. 1996) One cannot conclude, from this data, that different European populations have different susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. One of the major practical difficulties in mounting a major prospective study of this nature is the control of the huge number of variables that may influence the outcome, not least of which is the fact that no individual person drinks a uniform quantity of alcohol per day over many years. There are also considerations of the possibility of variation of effect of different proprietary brands of alcohol-containing drinks as well as the (largely under researched) area of the long term effect of binge drinking. Virtually all studies however, demonstrate a steep dose dependent increase in alcoholic liver disease above a threshold level of alcohol intake with women having a greater incidence of the disease than men at a given age range and level of intake. The reasons for this sex difference is not completely clear with Kwo et al. demonstrating that if one adjusts for body mass and liver size, then both men and women have equivalent biological rates of alcohol degradation. (Kwo P Y et al. 1998) A number of authorities (viz. Teli M R et al. 2005) suggest that these gender differences in susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease may be due to primarily to pharmacokinetic reasons including differences in the rates of ethanol absorption or alternatively, differences in the degree of response of the liver to alcohol induced injury such as that caused by oxidative by-products of ethanol metabolism in the liver. If one accepts the difficulties inherent in trying to define the lower margins of â€Å"safe† levels of alcohol drinking, then it is also appropriate to consider the problem from the other end of the spectrum. There are many studies in the literature which have considered the incidence and natural history of alcoholic liver disease in a population of heavy drinkers who, by definition, will show a much higher prevalence of the disease process. A comparatively old study by La Vecchia et al. showed a Europe-wide reducing trend in alcoholic liver disease in the recent past (La Vecchia, C et al. 1994) and this should be compared with data which shows that the deaths from alcoholic liver disease are actually increasing in the UK (CMO 2001). More specific recent data shows that this increase is disproportionately represented by the young adult and middle aged population in the UK showing an 8-fold rise since the 1970s (Leon, D. A et al. 2006) There is a general perception that end-stage alcoholic liver disease (in the form of cirrhosis) is only seen in those patients who demonstrate alcohol dependence syndrome (viz. Smith et al. 2004 and Luca A et al. 2007). There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that this may not actually be the case. If one considers one of the landmark papers on alcohol dependence and related disease processes, one could cite the classification of Jellinek who categorised five â€Å"sub-species† of alcoholism in his authoritative work in the area. (Jellinek, E. M. 1960 A). The current significance of his initial classification is that he identified two specific types of â€Å"alcoholics†, the ‘ß alcoholics’ who are not alcohol dependant, but who have a disproportionately high incidence of alcohol-related diseases, such as cirrhosis and contrasted this to the gamma alcoholics who were typically highly physically dependent, demonstrated frequent behavioural problems and had a high incidence of sociological complications. Jellinek made deductions about why these groups had different drinking patterns suggesting that the tendency towards heavy drinking in the ß alcoholic group was related to the customs and peer pressures within their social group, whereas gamma alcoholism was characterised, in part, by drinking to relieve a psychological craving and a physical addiction. (Jellinek, E. M. 1960 B). In the context of this examination, one can intuitively suggest that the customs, peer pressures and social groupings may be one of the more salient causes of different patterns of alcohol use across the various national cultures of Europe. There is a further difficulty in that, a brief overview of the literature on the subject of alcoholic liver disease shows that, in the context of Jellinek’s theoretical framework, which describes the population of drinkers who present to healthcare professionals with liver disease as a distinctly separate (although overlapping) population from those who present with alcohol dependence, there is a comparative paucity of studies which look at the drinking patterns, social factors and attitudes in patients with alcoholic liver disease when one compares it with the wealth of literature on alcohol dependence. This may seem to be an academic inference, but one can cite the authority of the often quoted Wodak study which identified significant differences between the population of typical patients with alcoholic liver disease and a population of patients who were recruited from an alcohol treatment centre for dependence, presenting evidence that only 18% of patients who had clinical alcoholic liver disease were severely dependent on alcohol and this contrasted with 56% of the attendees at the alcohol treatment centres. The authors also found that 63% of the patients who were found to have alcoholic liver disease had only a mild or moderate dependence on alcohol. (Wodak, A. D. et al. 1983). If one looks beyond the confines of Europe, one can cite the authority of an Indian study (Sarin, S. K et al. 1998) which found broadly similar results. More recent studies using liver transplant patients (viz. Burra, P. et al. 2000) have also produced similar results, although there is an obvious source of potential selection bias in such studies in the desire of certain patients to be accepted onto a transplant programme and this bias will (intuitively) vary between the different patterns of medical care provided across Europe. The problem confronting many researchers is the difficulty in clinically defining alcoholic liver disease. Many patients may be unaware that they are developing significant problems until the time of presentation. The first presentation may be with acute upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage or with alcoholic hepatitis. Both conditions frequently present in the absence of warning signs of a developing alcohol dependence. (Vorobioff J et al. 1996). The Harry et al. study reporting that the first presentation of alcoholic liver disease may actually be fatal with uncontrollable bleeding oesophageal varices carrying an immediate 25% mortality rate, (Harry, R. et al. 2002), a finding also found in the Brett study. (Brett, B. T. et al. 2001). Mathurin suggests that in patients who present with severe alcoholic hepatitis, over 50% may die. (Mathurin, P et al. 1996) If one considers data from other European centres, the Italian Loguercio study considered the pattern of drinking in indigenous Italians who had Hepatitis C. (Loguercio C et al. 2000). This is particularly significant in the Italian population as their prevalence of Hepatitis C is the highest in Europe. (De Bac, C. et al. 2004). It is well known that Hepatitis C infection is associated with a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, but it is not know the extent to which subsequent alcohol intake influences the natural progression of the disease process. The Loguercio study sought to explore this feature and makes the observation that only 4 5% of all manuscripts submitted to â€Å"Hepatology† deal with alcohol-related liver disease, which exemplifies the point made earlier. In direct consideration of the thrust of this examination, the extent to which alcohol contributes to liver disease is modified by the presence of complicating factors such as Hepatitis B and C. Loguercio et al. suggest that there is a direct interaction between alcohol and the viruses, other authorities (viz. Ostapowicz, G et al. 1998) suggest that an additional mechanism of disease modification is that the presence of alcohol affects the response to interferon therapy (IFN). The latter belief has a poor evidence base as Mabee points to the fact that, without exception, none of the controlled trials published thus far on the efficacy of IFN treatment of Hepatitis C-related liver disease have determined the alcohol intake levels prior to therapy. ((Mabee, C. L. et al. 2008) Lieberman has shown that chronic alcohol intake levels correlate well with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) levels. (Lieberman, M. W. et al. 1995) and these levels have been shown by Camps to be extremely predictive of treatment (Camps, J. et al. 1993). In this way it is possible to make the direct connection that alcohol intake clearly directly influences the rate of progression of hepatic pathology, a claim that has been further strengthened by the large retrospective analysis by Pol et al. who examined and correlated the rate of progression of the disease process (in Hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS hepatitis, with the overall intake of alcohol. (Pol, S. et al. 1998). The authors demonstrated that alcohol intake of the patient directly influences their gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) plasma levels and the rate of progression of the disease process. There is further evidence of the degree to which alcohol influences liver disease, at a histological level, in the form of the Scheuer paper. (Scheuer, P. J. et al. 2001). In congruence with the thrust of this segment of the paper, we can cite the authority of Scheuer who correlated the degree of fibrosis and steatosis with the average levels of alcohol intake and Pessione who noted that the degree of fibrosis in patients with Hepatitis C chronic hepatitis was related to the history of alcohol intake. (Pessione, F. et al. 1998) To return to the Loguercio study, the authors comment that the Italian cohort was typical for the country, (but atypical for Europe) as there is known to be a high alcohol intake per head of the population in Italy, even after making allowances for the fact that alcohol intake has fallen in the last decade (SPE 2004). In an attempt to evaluate the effects of alcohol on the population with alcoholic liver disease the study considered three important markers namely : (1) To estimate how many subjects in our country misused alcohol before and after being diagnosed as having HCV-related chronic liver disease (2) To determine if their drinking habits affected the principal aspects of this disease: routine laboratory data (particularly GT plasma levels), histological pattern (particularly liver steatosis and fibrosis), HCV RNA levels, and response to IFN therapy; (3) To compare results from this and a previous study (Aricà ² et al., 1994) to determine if CLD subjects have modified their drinking habits since a decrease was observed in the general population. (Loguercio C et al. 2000). The study is both long and complex, with rigorous statistical analysis. In essence, the authors were able to demonstrate that the majority of patients with Hepatitis C liver disease still regularly drank significant amounts of alcohol. Patients with hepatitis were more likely to drink alcohol than those with cirrhosis. They were also able to confirm that there were significantly higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) and greater levels of fibrosis associated with higher levels of alcohol in male subjects. Interestingly, women had higher levels of fibrosis than men even if they were total abstainers or less than 40 g/daily of alcohol, but their gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) levels did reflect the overall alcohol intake. This is very supportive of the hypothesis that women appear to have lower levels of defence against the oxidative insult produced by alcohol intake and may therefore develop a more marked fibrotic infiltration. We know, from other evidence that clinic ally, women appear to have more severe and rapidly progressive hepatitic disease processes than men. (Watson, R. R. ed. 2001) To consider a more general overview of the Europe-wide situation, one can consider the Rehm review paper which considers the implications of alcohol usage and mortality rates across the European continent. (Rehm J et al. 2007). The review itself is in commendable depth and provides an excellent evidence base for the area of investigation. The main points presented can be summarised. There is still a general all-cause mortality gradient from west to east across Europe which is more pronounced in males. (Zatonski W et al. 2000). In statistical terms, the western (old EU) countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK) had a male life expectancy of 75.7 yrs and a female life expectancy of 81.5 yrs. In the central European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) these expectancy figures have fallen to 70.9 and 78.7 respectively. In the new Baltic states (Estonia, L atvia, and Lithuania) it is 65.3 and 76.8 yrs respectively and in the Russian Federation it was 58.3 for men and 71.8 for women. It can be seen from these figures that the life expectancy for men varies by 17.4 years and 9.7 yrs for women. It should be noted that a later, but less exhaustive, study by Vagero demonstrated that by 2005, while life expectancies were slightly higher, the overall gradient and pattern of mortality remained unchanged. (Vagero D 2007). A number of authorities (viz. Men T et al. 2003 and McKee M et al. 2001) have highlighted the levels of alcohol consumption, in addition to smoking and poor nutrition, as being the main determinants of this gradient. Rhem has also identified alcohol as being the prime determinant of premature mortality in the Russian federation. (Rehm J et al. 2003 A) Rhem presents a systematic analysis of alcohol-attributable mortality and disease burden by country, and considers two major aspects in each case namely, both the level of consumption and the patterns of drinking, the latter mainly referring to irregular heavy drinking occasions. (Rehm J et al. 2007). These two aspects are not straightforward, as an illustrative example of France and Sweden demonstrates. France has a traditional wine drinking culture with overall high levels of alcohol consumption but a relatively low proportion of people drinking to intoxication, Sweden, by contrast, has an increasing, but still relatively low level of overall alcohol consumption but a social tradition of irregular heavy drinking. The study highlights Hungary as being notable for having the highest mortality rates in the EU for several alcohol-related pathologies such as liver cirrhosis, together with malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx. It is reported that for the age range 20 64 yrs, alcohol plays a part in premature deaths of 25% of the population of Hungary. Cirrhosis is particularly high in Hungary and it is postulated that the high consumption of home made spirits may be a relevant factor. (Szucs S et al. 2005). It is also recognised that the culturally acceptable pattern of drinking in Hungary to a high level of alcohol intake with many heavy drinking occasions. The study gives a graphic breakdown of alcohol-related indices across the continent thus: New EU member states Old EU member states Czech Republic Hungary Lithuania Poland France Sweden UK Russia Adult per capita in l pure alcohol 17.0 14.9 17.2 11.7 14.5 9.9 13.4 15.5 Recorded in l pure alcohol 16.0 11.9 12.3 8.7 13.5 6.9 11.4 10.6 Unrecorded in l pure alcohol 1.0 3.0 4.9 3.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 4.9 Patterns of drinkinga 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 4 Preferred beverage beer wine/beer/spirits beer/spirits spirits/beer wine beer beer spirits Men % abstention/very light drinking 9.0 12.0 10.0 16.4 7.3 10.0 9.2 13.8 % >40 g/dayb 59.4 47.0 41.0 38.5 50.8 18.3 38.6 53.1 Women % abstention/very light drinking 19.1 27.0 28.0 34.3 11.1 16.0 14.3 27.5 % >40 g/day 7.0 16.0 8.0 9.0 7.0 3.8 10.3 8.4 aEstimated average pattern of drinking (1–4 with 4 being the most detrimental pattern; see text for more explanation and13 for the full algorithm used). b>40 g/day on average correspond to more than 3–4 drinks on average per day (1 drink is one can of beers of 0.33 l or one small glass of wine or one shot of spirits). (After Rehm J et al. 2007). There is considerable discussion surrounding the issue of alcohol-attributable mortality and death rates in the various European regions with Russia yielding the highest figures (29.0/10,000 person-years). An unexplained anomaly was found in that France and the UK show consistently higher rates of alcohol-attributable mortality in women than the general trend in the other countries when compared to the equivalent male rates. The overall alcohol-attributable mortality is greater in the male population with the ratio difference being much greater in the new EU member states, where the culture dictates that a smaller proportion of the alcohol produced is consumed by women Alcohol has been defined as only one of the causes of premature mortality (see above). Rehm suggests that alcohol is the major factor as, if the alcohol-related mortality is removed and the mortality figures adjusted, then the premature mortality rates between the highest and lowest rated countries become much more similar. Premature alcohol-attributable deaths in eight European countries by sex and age groups as proportions (in %) of all deaths, for the year 2002 New EU member states Old EU member states Age group Czech Republic Hungary Lithuania Poland France Sweden UK Russiab Men 20–44 28.5 39.4 38.4 26.0 22.9 19.2 22.2 30.7 45–64 14.0 22.2 16.4 10.2 16.6 7.1 7.6 11.9 20–64 16.3 25.2 22.8 13.6 18.0 9.3 10.7 17.9 Women 20–44 14.2 19.5 21.4 10.7 10.9 6.9 12.5 19.9 45–64 4.5 12.7 10.1 2.1 9.6 2.2 4.6 4.9 20–64 5.8 13.7 12.4 3.6 9.9 2.9 6.0 8.5 The estimates for Russia are underestimates, as several disease categories could not be included because of the different classification system of diseases (After Rehm J et al. 2007). It has to be acknowledged that with all of the papers cited in this examination, there are a number of potential shortcomings as data from different countries is inevitably subject to different categorisations and different modes of collection. Equally, differential rates of confounding factors such as Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, smoking and nutritional differences, all of which impact on the clinical presentation of the alcoholic liver disease process are difficult to completely isolate and account for. An additional complicating factor is that it has long been recognised that small amounts of alcohol have a cardio protective effect (Rehm J et al. 2003 B), irregular heavy drinking occasions (binge drinking) adding up to the same average volume of drinking over a period of time are associated with increased risk of vascular events. This increased risk is hard to separate from the increased risk of mortality from alcoholic liver disease. This is particularly the case with the Russian experience where drinking typically follows irregular heavy drinking patterns and the cardioprotective effect is probably negligible on a population-wide assessment. (Nicholson A et al. 2005) In overview, one can conclude that alcohol plays a substantial, and geographically variable role in premature adult mortality across Europe with 15% of all deaths in the 20 64 yr age range being attributable to this risk with men comprising a higher proportion than women in this total. (Rehm J et al. 2006). References Aricà ², S., Galatola, G., Tabone, M. and Corrao, G. (1994) Amount and duration of alcohol intake in patients with chronic liver disease. An Italian Multicentric Study. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 26, 59 – 65. Becker U, Deis A, Sorensen T I A, et al. (1996) Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex and age : a prospective population study. Hepatology 1996; 23 : 1025 1029 Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Costa G, et al. (1997) Drinking habits as cofactors of risk for alcohol induced liver damage. Gut 1997; 41 : 845 850 Brett, B. T., Hayes, P. C. and Jalan, R. (2001) Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 13, 349 – 358 Burra, P., Mioni, D., Cillo, U. et al. (2000) Long-term medical and psycho-social evaluation of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease. Transplant International 13, S 174 – S 178 Camps, J., Crisostomo, S., Garcia-Granero, M., Riezu-Boj, J. I., Civeira, M. P. and Prieto, J. (1993) Prediction of the response of chronic hepatitis C to interferon alfa: a statistical analysis of pretreatment variables. Gut 34, 1714 – 1717 CMO (2001) Chief Medical Officer. On the State of the Public Health: Chief Medical Officers Annual Report 2001. Department of Health, HMSO : London; De Bac, C., Stroffolini, T., Gaeta, G. B., Taliani, G. and Giusti, G. (2004) Pathogenetic factors in cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter Italian study. Hepatology 20, 1225 – 1230 Harry, R. and Wendon, J. (2002) Management of variceal bleeding. Current Opinions in Critical Care 8, 164 – 170. Loguercio C, Di Pierro M, Di Marino M P, Federico A, Disalvo D,, Cradta E, Tuccillo C, Baldi F, Del Vecchio Blanco C (2000) Drinking habits of subjects with Hepatitis C virus related chronic liver disease : Prevalence and effect on clinical, virological and pathological aspects. Alcohol and Alcoholism Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 296 301, 2000 Jellinek, E. M. (1960a) Alcoholism, a genus and some of its species. Canadian Medical Association Journal 83, 1341–1345 Jellinek, E. M. (1960b) The Disease Concept of Alcoholism, pp. 36 – 41. Hillhouse Press, New Haven, CT. Kwo P Y, Ramchandani V A, OConnor S, et al. (1998) Gender differences in alcohol metabolism: relationship to liver volume and effect of adjusting for body mass. Gastroenterology 1998; 115 : 1552 1557 La Vecchia, C., Levi, F., Lucchini, F. et al. (1994) Worldwide patterns and trends in mortality from liver cirrhosis, 1955 to 1990. Annals of Epidemiology 4, 480 – 486. Leon, D. A. and McCambridge, J. (2006) Liver cirrhosis mortality rates in Britain from 1950 to 2002: an analysis of routine data. Lancet 367, 52 – 56 Lieberman, M. W., Barrios, R. and Carter, B. Z. (1995)Gamma -Glutamyl transpeptidase. What does the organization and expression of a multipromoter gene tell us about its functions? American Journal of Pathology 147, 1175 – 1185. Luca A, Carles Garcia-Pagan J, Bosch J, et al. (2007) Effects of ethanol consumption on hepatic hemodynamics in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2007; 112 : 1284 1289 Nicholson A, Bobak M, Murphy M, Rose R, Marmot M. Alcohol consumption and increased mortality in Russian men and women: a cohort study based on the mortality of relatives. Bulletin of the WHO (2005) 83 : 803 Mabee, C. L., Crippin, J. S. and Lee, W. M. (2008) Review article : interferon and hepatitis C-factors predicting therapeutic outcome. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 12, 509 – 518. Mathurin, P., Duchatelle, V., Ramond, M. J. et al. (1996) Survival and prognostic factors in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with prednisolone. Gastroenterology 110, 1847 – 1853 McKee M, Shkolnikov V. (2001) Understanding the toll of premature death among men in eastern europe. Br Med J (2001) 323 : 1051 – 55 Men T, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Zaridze D. (2003) Russian mortality trends for 1991 – 2001 : analysis by cause and region. Br Med J (2003) 327 : 964. OPCS (2004) Office of Population Censuses and Surveys General Household Survey : HMSO London 2004 Ostapowicz, G., Watson, J. R., Locarnini, S. A. and Desmond, P. V. (1998) Role of alcohol in the progression of liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 27, 1730 – 1735 Pessione, F., Degos, F. and Marcellin, P. (1998) Effect of alcohol consumption on serum hepatitis C virus RNA and histological lesions in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 27, 1717 – 1722 Pol, S., Lamorthe, B. and Trinh Thi, N. (1998) Retrospective analysis of the impact of HIV infection and alcohol use on chronic hepatitis C in a large cohort of drug users. Journal of Hepatology 28, 945 – 950 Rehm J, Room R, Monteiro M, et al

Analyse the policies of the Japanese towards Essay

Analyse the policies of the Japanese towards the civilians in East and Southeast Asia between 1937 and 1945, including their implementation and impacts. Evaluate two sources in your answer. Identify components and the relationship between them; draw out and relate implications Hashimoto once said ‘Japan’s national structure is the highest principle of mankind. All the countries must form an organic unity, with Japan as brains, growing and developing as a living being under the supreme guidance of His Excellency the Emperor’ This quote best summarises the policy of the Japanese during this period of time. Japanese expansionist policies and how they were implemented and impacted upon civilians will be further explained throughout the essay. The two sources that will be evaluated are ‘Higher than Heaven’ by Rick Tanaka and Tony Barrel and Group Psychology of the Japanese in War Time, by Iritani. The official Japanese policy was to â€Å"ensure self preservation and self defence of the Empire and to create a new world order. † This was outlined in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere which aimed to create an Asian society with Japan being the leader. They wished to see the countries revolt against their colonial powers and hoped to fill the void left by the colonial power. However, when this did not happen the Japanese military leaders decided to impose their ideology by force. Japanese domination would only be possible if the other nations embraced and eventually assimilated into Japanese culture. Hence, most of Japanese policy was directed towards the assimilation of cultures. Official policies outlined in the ‘The Japanese blueprint for South East Asia, instructions of the Japanese military’ published in August 1942, include guiding the civilians so that they accept the empires policies. If civilians were not accepting the policies then political and economic pressures were to be applied to the various governments to ensure the execution of Japanese policies under strict supervision, as was done in China. Cultural assimilation was to be ensured through control over customs, religions and education. A broad aim with these was to create an atmosphere respectful of labour and to spread the Japanese culture through the empire. Eventually symbols of significance and geographical sites were to assume Japanese names (as was done by Manchuria being changed into Manchunko), a true symbol of Japanese imperialism. However, Japan lacked in raw materials so some of their policies were aimed at getting resources such as oil so that they could continue the war. Policies were aimed at rapidly securing resources of the southern areas so that the war potential of the empire would be strengthened. This caused some adverse policies towards civilians. Although the official line for the treatment of civilians was to be neither â€Å"too lenient nor too harsh†, which was supported by a document called ‘Read this and the war is already won’ which outlined that Japanese soldiers were to be humane to civilians as they were fighting the war to liberate the Asian people from colonial rule, a document called ‘Lessons for the Battlefield’ explained the treatment of civilians that occurred during the period of 1937-1945. Westerners are attacked for surrendering and it warns that death is preferable to surrender, it outlines that civilians who surrender are to be treated as below human as only lowly creatures surrender. It also calls for the Japanese soldiers to be single minded in achieving their aims. Japan had ratified the Hague Treaty but did not comply with it, instead they followed government instructions outlined in ‘Lessons for the Battlefield’. The implementation and impacts of Japanese policies caused tsunamis of shock to flow all around the world, American media reports of the atrocities caused anti-Japanese feelings to develop all over the world. In China policies were implemented with the policy of â€Å"kill all, burn all, destroy all’ to gain control. This was especially true in Nanking as outlined by ‘The rape of Nanking. ‘ Here buildings were burnt, women were raped and innocent citizens were murdered in various gruesome ways including ripping the stomachs, digging out the heart, boiling people and beheading victims. Iritani believes that this occurred due to the incredibly harsh fighting conditions in China which elevated the abnormal psychological state of the soldiers. Other historians believe that it was done in order to gain control and create a puppet regime in Nanking where Japanese assimilation could begin. In Nanking alone the impact of this policy caused the deaths of approximately 300,000 people in just six weeks. Women were captured and sent to ‘comfort stations’ to act as sex slaves although geisha houses were banned in Japan. As the war in China became longer and supply lines became inefficient Japanese soldiers began to confiscate crops and other agricultural goods, which led to food shortages and ultimately a failing of the economy. Manchunko, formerly Manchuria, became the centre of Japanese military and economic power, however the ultimate failure of Japanese economic policies caused the downfall of the Manchurian economy by 1945. The implementation of policies in Korea was the epitome of the attempt at Japanese civilisation. The Japanese language was to be used in schools and all were required to attend Shinto services although the population was mostly Buddhist. Forced labour was implemented to help achieve the aims of the Japanese, usually worked in factories making ammunition for the Japanese. Forced conscription was enforced and Koreans filled the lowest positions of the Japanese army to â€Å"show their patriotism. † Here too, women were forced to become comfort women. Nationalist movements were suppressed to ensure Japanese control. The impacts on Korea, apart from the large amounts of deaths that occurred to civilians that opposed the regime was the ultimate division of Korea along the 38th parallel. The USA and USSR government divided Korea for the purpose of accepting the surrender of Japanese troops. It was the harsh Japanese policies and their implementation that caused opposition forces to rise, including the rising of the communist anti-Japanese guerrillas in Dongbei. The conflict between North and South Korea still continues today, showing the lasting impact of the implementation of Japanese policies. The Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941 brought with it the implementation of Japanese policies including the â€Å"three all† policies brought widespread destruction to the Island, especially in Manilla where many civilians were killed. Although a ‘co-operative government’ was established in 1943, the failure of Japanese economic policies caused such devastation to the Philippines that several hundred million dollars were needed to recover the economy at the end of the war. In French Indo-China rice paddies were converted to jute for the war effort and forced labour was imposed. In Burma workers were forced to work on the Burma-Thailand railway, conditions were so harsh that 90,000 workers were killed. These harsh conditions caused the formation of the Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League which resisted the weak Japanese installed government. In Malaya and Singapore all Chinese civilians were arrested immediately as they were suspected of supporting Chiang Kai-shek, implementation of the Japanese policy of total control. The Japanese saw the importance of Singapore as a military base and maintained strict control of it by the Japanese military and secret policy. Malay workers were also forced to work on the Burma-Thai railway. The worsening of working conditions and the extremely harsh requisitioning of men and materials caused the eventual rise of opposition including the group led by Lim Bo Seng. The Dutch East Indies was seen as a ‘jewel’ by the Japanese as it contained oil, and hence the control of this was particularly important. Assimilation attempts included the forced study of the Japanese language and the forced singing of the Japanese national anthem to show patriotism. Impacts have included the death of up to four million people and Japanese training of young military men formed the nucleus of the post war independence army. Japanese policies also caused economic hardships. All countries occupied by Japan during the war had similar impacts such the mistreatment and subsequent death of civilians and adverse economic impacts. All nations also suffered a substantial psychological impacts from the years of harsh oppression, as described by Lai Yeo, who was a comfort woman to the Japanese. â€Å"The impact of Japanese policies did not end with their rule, the emotional scars will be something I will have to bear forever†¦ † Source Evaluation Wantanabe Shoichi – claimed that the harsh treatment of Japanese did not occur, the Nanking massacres were fictional A Japanese nationalist Doesn’t match other sources Saburo Inega – Campaigned against the censorship of Japanese textbooks that omitted out the atrocities Book written to show the Japanese policies the nake realities of the pacific war More reliable Iritani – 3rd generation Japanese American Useful as provides both perspectives and reasons for acts of atrocities Delves into the psyche Matches with other sources Lai Yeo – article on the internet First hand experience of Japanese brutality Matches with other sources although it seems to be a bit exaggerated Psychological state seems fragile, memories may be disrupted.

American Education vs Asian Education Essay

In the past twenty years the United States school system has been accumulating a bit of criticism. Studies have shown that the United States has been lagging exponentially compared to almost all the industrialized countries. This specifically refers to Asian countries that are statistically blowing the U.S. out of the water. In his article â€Å"New Math-Science Study Rates U.S. Students Mediorce At Best† William S. Robinson decusses survey results after students from around the world have taken a science and math test.The survey results in the universal subject of math show us that the U.S. eighth graders have fallen behind, while the twelfth grade level showed only slight improvement.We would potentially look at these education systems as extremes of each other. Each education system being on the different side of the spectrum. Both systems having faults and advantages. Taking the positive aspects from both sides and merging them together, a harmonious education system could be established . In the article â€Å" Strengths, Weaknesses, and Lessons of Japanese Education† James Fallows tells us that in an Asian classroom students will feel an incredible amount of pressure starting from grade school and up, while U.S. teachers are too afraid to raise the bar because of potential discouragement of the student(201). In Japan, University admissions as opposed to grades earned in university, determines what kind of career you can have in Japan. Japanese students will spend most of their time studying in cram schools, unlike American students who spend most of their time socializing. A negative of the Asian school system, is the conformity that must be upheld. This achieves better education because it becomes the â€Å"thing to do†. When everybody is on the same curriculum there is no other choice but to follow the herd. While conformity creates better math students, it demises the aspect of creativity and individuality. The U.S. places a much bigger emphasis on creativity and choice. Thus providing students with opportunities that help them learn about them selves, and develop original ideas. An important characteristic that the U.S. education system lacks, is the idea of effort being directly correlated to success. In her article â€Å" Why Are U.S. Kids Poor In Math† Barbara Vobejda says that the American and  Asian mothers have a diffrent view on what determines their child’s success in school. An American mother thinks that her child’s academic achievement comes from innate ability, while an Asian mother thinks that her childs academic achievement comes from hard work and effort. An Asian mother would demand her child spends hours after school doing homework and studying. An American mother would just say that her child is not good in their subject.Vobeja says that a study has shown that Asian students spend more time in their seats than American students do. American students were out of their seats 21 percent of time, compared to Chinese and Japanese students who were out of their seats 2 percent of the time. Though the American student may think that they work hard, we find that the Asian student is at a much greater level of pressure. As we saw in the previous passage, serious pressure is put on the Asian student. In further examination of the article â€Å"Japan’s School System†, a supporter of the catalytic pressure theme, we find many contrasts to the U.S. views of putting pressure on students . Japanese students attend school six days a week. The school year consists of 220 days compared to the 180 days in the U.S. A third grade Japanese school week consists of eight hours of Japanese, five of arithmetic, three of science, social studies and physical education, two hours of music and art. For an U.S. student this might seem like hell. Yet the only reason this might seem like to much pressure, is because we are judging their system with an ethnocentric point of view. Japanese students think it’s quite OK. Humans are a very dynamic and adept species. We always look at things from our conditioned point of view. Thus, if pressure is increased on the U.S. students, the only ones who would have any complaints are current students. Being dynamic and adept, they too would be able to fulfill the new requirements asked of them. The eastern ideas of pressure could be used as a catalyst for results in the U.S. While as much as we are in need of more pressure on the students, we must retain the creative individual factor at all costs. We are not machines that have identical downloaded brains. In the article â€Å"We Should Cherish our Children’s Freedom To Think†, Kie Ho provides a critical question. He asks, â€Å"If American education is so tragically inferior, why is it that this is  still the country of innovation?† Looking back at the regular Japanese school week, we find that not much attention is brought to music or art. Creativity forms individuality, expression of ideas, and self-fulfillment. This could ruin all the conformity and control of ideas in the Asian student. Our Asian friends could never have that happen now could they. Ho provides an example of an U.S. student taking a role of Lyndon Johnson and debating a student in the role of Ho Chi Minh. An Asian student would never be given a chance to look at things from a different point of view. In all their mathematical glory they have missed the essential human need to express individuality. Most likely that is done with intent. While many Americans yell and scream about their children’s math abilities, they have overlooked the fact why most immigrants come here. This fact is freedom. Which would not be possible without all the creative outlets provided by our school system. In merging these two fundamental ideas of both of the education systems, many new positive effects are felt by the students. An increase of pressure to motivate and accelerate education. The development of ideas and creative outlets, which lead to self-discovery and formation of original and innovative ideas which, fuel our nation. This guarantees freedom and a mind to use it. Americans complain about the core subject of education. That will change with a harder curriculum and more emphasis being placed on effort. We will also continue providing our students with individuality. Asian education can also see positive effects from the development of choice and move away from conformity. The students who do cannot or will not participate in the hard curriculum will now have a choice to develop their creative side. These changes will be hard to make. U.S. students adjusting to a faster harder education. Asians might start to loose control of the masses. In the end it will be beneficial fo r both.